November Rain :: English Literature Essays

November Rain I pass a shop display and view my reflection in the glass-a well built man of thirty with a tanned complexion, dark eyes and hair. I seem to have a certain charm and grace that can-and does-go down very well with the ladies. I open the door, pull out the chair, buy the drinks and surprise them with gifts. I stay at their flats after a night out; I leave my belongings there. You could say that I’m just a bachelor with a lust for living-if I wasn’t married. I’ve been married ten years and it feels like 40. It was great at first-nights out in clubs, at parties, flirting, teasing and loving each other, or at least touching each other. We had no children to hold us down and a whole world of fun to experience. Then, it stopped. I can’t remember when, where or how. What I know is that for ten years I’ve been bound to this woman and all the practices of such a colourful marriage have been tried and are jaded; the feelings no longer evident. She is abrupt with her answers and retorts for the most part and otherwise silent, so we both have seemed to have taken our own practices elsewhere, fallen into another person’s arms and experience the same feelings anew. I walk on by, get into my shining convertible (which is now speckled with signs of yet more rain) and speed away. I step into the hall of my home in Chicago, Illinois, and into the kitchen. Rain cascades down the windowpane, such has been the case for much of Novmber. There is a plate of spaghetti Bolognese waiting right on the counter for me. I heat it up, and take it to my study, letting the aroma waft right past my nose. Turning on the stereo, I settle back in my leather, over-cushioned armchair with a long, relaxed sigh. The stereo always starts on Classic Rock radio station. Hard rock, that’s what I love best. I open the Wall Street Journal, sub-consciously listening to the music in the background. Bliss. â€Å"Blackwater shares have†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Music in background): â€Å"When I look into your eyes, I can see a love restrained, but darlin’ when I hold you, don’t you know I feel the same†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I look up to see the source of this slightly familiar song: â€Å"November Rain† by Guns N’ Roses. â€Å"†¦both know hearts can change, and it’s hard to hold a candle in the cold November rain†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 

Advertisement: Advertising and Media Literacy Education Essay

Children cannot escape them. They stare at them from every nook and corner. The highways, the roadways, streets all have hoardings, banners, posters screaming about the goodness of the product they are advertising. Newspapers have columns and columns, pages and pages devoted to advertisements. Greatest curse of modern times for children is advertisements. Advertisement reminds the children to buy new things and no wonder they are brainwashed and pester their parents to buy it for them. However, advertisement is a good way to tell about the products. They inform the children about new technology or trend. Similarly, advertising may also have a negative impact on today’s youth. Junk food ads encourage children to eat unhealthy food, which is often portrayed as fun. See more: Defining research problem and setting objectives Essay Another advantage of advertising is it gives media literacy education. Children need to know that they are being bombarded by messages (both good and bad) every day. They need to be taught how to discern these messages from an early age and to decide how to react to the messages. They also teach them other good things. In addition, advertising is making children feel that without their product, you’re a loser. Kids are very sensitive to that. They become most emotionally vulnerable. Advertisement also educates children and is very informative. How would children cope without news and catching up with what goes around in the society? For instance, sometimes kids do not understand what the commercial is about and they are not yet fully developed. If they see something that is not appropriate then they will start telling other kids of their age which is not okay for them. Kids are exposed to things that can be misunderstood and take things negatively. What is more is that the advertisements targeting children’s aim to promote the products and services, which cater for children’s needs and have no damaging intention at all. Overall, I believe that advertising has both advantages and disadvantages. However I believe that in most cases the benefits outweigh the disadvantages. I do believe that ads should be more strictly monitored, especially during children’s viewing hours. Harsher penalties should apply to people who infringe any laws and more people should be hired to patrol exactly what is played on ads. Children see, children do.

Strategic Management Strategic Planning - 1460 Words

When it comes to strategic management many defined it as the management that link strategic planning decision-making. It is sometimes over looked unless it is specifically brought up when it comes up in strategic planning. With this management in place an organization can achieve its long-term goals. As well as plan out its future goals and endeavors for the organization to be successful. Strategy itself has many forms and levels as well; it is broken down into smaller parts of planning. For strategy there are usually four parts to it. Having the overall Idea is the first step, it consist of everything what you are trying to accomplish and what is trying to get done. After that you go into how to do it and break down the procedure of what you are trying to do as well. After you have the planning and operational level, when you plan and let the operation of the plan go into effect. Implementation is the last step when you actually put all of your planning into affect and see the re sults of it as well. Strategic management consists of six key elements, using these tools can assure a successful strategic plan. These tools are; Vision, Mission, Core Value, Strategic areas of Focus, Strategic Goals, and Action Plan. When creating a successful strategic management plan you must include these elements. Each is necessary in creating a blueprint that will not crumble. Having the correct vision of a strategic plan can help you plan out and create a mental picture for theShow MoreRelatedStrategic Planning : Strategic Management1707 Words   |  7 Pages1. How do you conduct your strategic planning? Strategic planning is a joint endeavor that involves field operations, headquarters and mission support. The agency’s strategic planning practices entail brainstorming new ideas, implementing innovations and reflecting on past practices in developing action plans to improve daily functions, upcoming operations and immediate response actions to crisis situations. T he operational plan or warning order provides mission critical information regarding equipmentRead MoreStrategic Management : Strategic Planning986 Words   |  4 Pagesit comes to strategic management many defined it as the management that link strategic planning decision-making. It is sometimes over looked unless it is specifically brought up when it comes up in strategic planning. With this management in place an organization can achieve its long-term goals. As well as plan out its future goals and endeavors for the organization to be successful. Strategy itself has many forms and levels as well; it is broken down into smaller parts of planning. For strategyRead MoreStrategic Management : Strategic Planning847 Words   |  4 PagesHunger and Wheelen (2011) noted that strategic management has been defined as the set of managerial decisions and actions for determining the long run future of the organization. Here, the set of decisions and actions includes internal and external environmental scanning, strategic formulation (strategic planning), strategy implementation, and evaluation control at all three levels. However, it has learned that origin of business strategy or, strategic management discipline was started after the secondRead MoreStrategic Management : Strategic Planning1929 Words   |  8 PagesStrategic management is the process of selecting the organization s goals, mossion and ways to achieve them. It is vital for any business venture to establish and implement strategy for its prosperous development, efficient functioning and success in the future. Strategic planning provides the basis for all management decisions. Otherwise, without a clear strategy, an organisation could face difficulties in achieving its mission, as every business venture requires an elaborate approach, skilfulRead MoreStrategic Management : Strategic Planning3081 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Strategic planning in business management is a highly important portion of management as it involves development of plans to ensure growth, success, and above all else, profit. If not analysed correctly a poorly formed strategic plan can result in reduced profit margins. When analysing strategic planning as a discipline, there theorists which develop frameworks to assist managers in how to develop a strategic plan. Of these, Porter’s Five Forces Framework (5FM) is among the most influentialRead MoreStrategic Planning And Strategic Management Essay2359 Words   |  10 Pagesthe overall strategic management process. According to Abraham (2012), â€Å"Strategic management is nothing less than steering and managing a company to be successful over time—not just for the next quarter or year, but for the long term.† (sec. 1.1). Many questions will be answered during this process. â€Å"What direction should the company go in, what industry will it compete in, and w hat products or services will be featured?† (Abraham, 2012, sec. 1.1). Strategic planning and strategic implementationRead MoreStrategic Planning And It Management1424 Words   |  6 PagesStrategic planning is the process of determining a companys long-term goals and then identifying the best approach for achieving those goals (Wikipedia). This process aligns strategic planning with overall organization planning by assessing organizational objectives and strategies, setting the organizational mission and mandate, assessing the external environment and setting policies, objectives and strategies (Wikipedia). A study completed in 1999 revealed that less than 40% of US businesses includedRead MoreStrategic Planning As An Effective Tool Of Strategic Management1486 Words   |  6 Pageslook at the processes of strategic planning as an effective tool of strategic management in business organizations. It finds for effective strategic planning it requires top level managersâ€℠¢ to take an active role in defining the strategic direction of the organization. It requires good working relationships between the planning staff, managers, and the top level management team. In creating an environment which recognizes strategic planning as a tool of strategic management, we will review one of theRead MoreStrategic Management and Planning3167 Words   |  13 PagesStrategic Planning and Management Development Throughout the business industry the people who are most associated with the business process has found strategic planning and management development requires constant shifting back and forth between long-run and short-run thinking (Dess and Miller, 5). Planning is a business process that involves one or more people (depending on the type business) whom decide where the business s objectives lie and how to initially accomplish them over a periodRead MoreStrategic Business Management And Planning1532 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic business management and planning Chapter 1 –understanding the role of strategic planning in organisations 1.2 Strategic management is a way of formulating, implementing and evaluating, cross – functional decisions that enable an organisation to achieve its objective. It ensures that employees and other stakeholders are working towards common goals, establishes agreement around intended outcomes/results, and assesses and adjusts the organization s direction in response to a changing

Who Killed Princess Diana And Dodi AlFayed Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Who Killed Princess Diana and Dodi Al Fayed Lecturer: Who Killed Princess Diana and Dodi Al Fayed The press court settled on the limousine driver and the paparazzi as the killers of Princess Diana and Dodi AlFayed. Few evidences were given that lead to this theory. First and as A. Cowell wrote in his article â€Å"Negligent Driving Killed Diana, Jury Finds† at the New York Times that the driver who also was the Ritz’s hotel head of security was off duty for few hours before he had to drive Princess Diana and Al Fayed. Following that, when the driver was off duty, he was drinking alcohol, and this has been reassured when his blood samples were tested; by this, the court concluded that the driver was drunk when he was driving. When the driver was trying to escape from the paparazzi, he was not on his healthful mind; therefore he could not escape well. In 2008, the article â€Å"Jury: Princess Diana, Boyfriend Dodi Al Fayed Killed by the Driver, Paparazzi† on Fox N ews adding the mentioned theory, that the fast moving limousine was slammed into a concrete pillar while being chased by the photographers on cars and motorcycles. We will write a custom essay sample on Who Killed Princess Diana And Dodi AlFayed or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now They similarly reported that the blood tests of the driver result showed that he was three-times over the national drunk-driving standard. They also add that Diana and Dodi were not wearing seat belts and this was a key cause to their death, as seat belts prevented many fatal injuries reducing them to 45% as the Highway Safety Research Center reported. The Fox news continues by saying nine photographers were charged, but the chargers were thrown by 2006, not stating why they were thrown. Therefore, the royal family, paparazzi, Al Fayed enemies, and Diana herself are all argued reasons on the semi-mysterious death of Princess Diana. Gossips were arguing that the British throne was the stirrer to Princess Diana’s death. The media had reported this story in different ways. Emery wrote in his article Who Killed Princess Diana that Diana by marrying the Muslim, Dodi AlFayed, would embarrass the royal family, as he will be the stepfather of Princes William and Henry. This would make sense since the royal family is Christian and it will hurt their reputation if they had a Muslim member in their family. However, Emery mentioned that close friends denied the marriage rumors. According to Emery, † It was suggested that an agent of MI6, the British intelligence service, was present at the scene, posing as a member of the press. It was suggested that a mysterious vehicle, a white Fiat Uno, was used by the conspirators to block the limousines path, forcing it to collide with the pillar† (1).

American Exodus by James N. Gregory - 557 Words

In American Exodus, James N. Gregory presents the struggles and misconceptions of the Okie migrant, their defiance to cultural oppression and the change they brought. To analyze the brunt force of the Dust Bowl and the Depression of the Great Plain region; he traces the movement from route 66, evaluates the reception in California, and shows how the migrants both accommodated and left from the culture of the Golden State. Throughout the book, he dismisses many of the stereotypes created by John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath (1939), and Dorothea Lange’s messages in photography. In doing so, Gregory presents a social wave, from the norm of stereotyping and the defiance of culture itself by bringing about unity in the form of narration of events and sub-topics. Furthermore, this event is brought to the hands of historians and future historians, a subject that often ignored in American history that has impacted various states including California. The author’s noti on is that â€Å"The Dust Bowl migration movement teaches us about the ways American culture is transformed through relocation.† Gregory’s claim is that without migration; our sense of ideals, mannerisms, and literature would not be the same. It is through the Okies’ persona, morals, and experience that an identity is established and therefore, a landmark in culture. Gregory organizes his content in sections, Part 1: â€Å"Migration and Resettlement† and Part 2: â€Å"The Okie Subculture† to make his point. In the first part, theShow MoreRelatedThe Origin of Migrant Farmworkers Essay2438 Words   |  10 Pagesand Mexicans â€Å"imported† to the U.S. because of the need for cheap labor as a replacement of Americans during World War II. The migrant labor group formed after an already similar group in the U.S had been established in California, the American farm workers from the East, known as the Okies. The Dust Bowl of the 1930s caused the m ovement of the Okies to the West and was followed by the transition from American dominant farm labor to Mexican migrant labor. The Okies reinforced farming in California throughRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. 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Multiple Loyalties of Information Professionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 15.3. Normative Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 15.4. The Code of Ethics of the American Library Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 16.1. A Model of the Communication Process . Figure 16.2. A Classification of Types of Media According to Their Communication Richness . . . . . . Figure 16.3. Five Styles of HandlingRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesservice purchase, he or she tells six other potential buyers. In contrast, a dissatisfied consumer informs 25 other potential buyers. That is the leverage of quality in shaping consumer sentiment, which is vital in powering the two-thirds of the American economy that is consumer-driven. Therefore, as companies again go back to the business basics, this is a reminder of the most fundamental of those basics: Company managers need to recognize that a business’s income comes from its customers, not fromRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagessource, on the meaning of bi-sexuality (pp.357-58). Chapter 6 opens with formulae and ceremonies for incense, allegedly by Buddha, in honor of the seven planets -- a subject that had, to all appearances, been exhausted. It closes with the verses from Exodus, telling of the perfumes prescribed by God to Moses, (pp. 358-362), and an exhaustive description of â€Å"Indian† enchantments (pp. 362-66). Chapter 7 is very long and consists for the most part of avowed and verbatim extracts from the Nabataean Agriculture

Rationing During World War Ii Free Essays

Rationing During World War II 30 March, 2012 Rationing During World War II Rationing is defined as a fixed allowance of provisions of food, especially for soldiers or sailors or for civilians during a shortage (dictionary. com). In 1942 a rationing system began to guarantee minimum amounts of things people needed. We will write a custom essay sample on Rationing During World War Ii or any similar topic only for you Order Now During World War II, people couldn’t just walk into a store and buy whatever they wanted. Ration books are books that contained coupons where shopkeepers could cut out the coupon for the person to use. War ration books and tokens were issued to each American family, controlling how much gas, tires, sugar, meat, silk, shoes, nylon and other items any person could buy (Rationing on the US Homefront). The Office of Price Administration (OPA) issued each person in a household to get a ration book, even children and babies. Ration books were organized by color: buff-colored books were mostly for adults, green ration books were for pregnant women, nursing mothers and children under the age of five, and blue ration books were for children from ages six to sixteen (Rationing on the US Homefront). On National Registration day, 29 September, 1939, every person in a household had to fill out a form explaining with details about who lived in their house. Ration stamps were only valid for a certain period of time so it would prevent hoarding of the stamps. The government issued ration books because they were worried that when items became scarce that the prices would go up, and poor people couldn’t buy the things they needed (Barrow, 2010). Rationing made sure that people got an equal amount of food every week. The government tried their hardest to make it fair for everyone. Still, some people thought that rationing was unfair (Barrow, 2010). People were encouraged to provide their own food in their homes thus starting the ‘Dig for Victory! ’ campaign. The ‘Dig for Victory! ’ campaign was where men and women made their yards and flower-beds into gardens to grow vegetables (Dig For Victory! , 2004). A typical ration for one adult per week was: butter 50g (2oz), sugar 225g (8oz), cheese 50g (2oz), jam 450g (1lb) every two months, bacon and ham 100g, meat to the value of 1s. 2d (1 shilling and sixpence e er week, eggs 1 fresh egg a week, dried eggs 1 packet every four weeks, margarine 100g (4oz), milk 3 pints (1800 ml), tea 50g (2oz), sweets 350g (12oz) every four weeks (Barrow, 2010). With the above list of rationed items, each person was allowed sixteen points to use on whatever rationed item they wanted. Pregnant women, mothers who are nursing their children or children under the age of five were allowed to pick their choice of fruit, daily pint of milk and double eggs first (Barrow, 2010). Clothes rationing began two years after food rationing started. During World War II, there was a shortage in material for clothing. The shortage made people to â€Å"make due and mend† so that way factory workers could make uniforms, and parachutes for the war (Giullian, 2010). The government gave each person a ration book for clothes. Just like food rationing, when people wanted to buy new clothes, all they had to do was bring their ration book to the store and then buy they clothes they wanted, then you hand over your ration book to the storekeeper and they mark off what the person got in their ration books. The coupon system allowed people to get a new set of clothing each year. Coupons were a different color so they wouldn’t use all their coupons at once. The government told the people when they could use their other coupons. At first, each person was given 60 coupons to last them the whole year. Later on the coupon amount dropped to 48. Children were assigned an extra 10 ration coupons for their clothing in case they grow during the year. What would you buy with 60 coupons to last you the whole year? Fourteen years of rationed food and it finally came to an end because meat and bacon restrictions were lifted. Rationing of food ended nine years after the war ended. Rationing ended on 4 July, 1954 (Barrow, 2010). Fourteen years of rationing, people could finally enjoy buying the necessities they needed for their daily life. Men, women, and children went back to a normal lifestyle they were used to. References Barrow, M.. (2010, Month. Day). In  Rationing During WWWII. Retrieved Mar. 26, 2012, from http://www. woodlands-junior. kent. sch. uk/Homework/war/rationing. htm (2004, Mar. 1 ). In  Dig for Victory!. Retrieved Mar. 26, 2012, from http://h2g2. com/dna/h2g2/A2263529 Giullian, M.. (2010, May. 10). In  Rationing. Retrieved Mar. 25, 2012, from http://ussslcca25. com/rationing. htm In  Rationing on the US Homefront during WWII. Retrieved Mar. 25, 2012, from http://www. ameshistoricalsociety. org/exhibits/events/rationing. htm How to cite Rationing During World War Ii, Essay examples

Software Engineering Management Technological Risk

Question: Describe about the Software Engineering Management? Answer: Introduction Risk management can be defined as the process of identifying risks in advance and thereby analyzing them for reducing the risks (Chen, Hoi Xiao, 2013). This process identifies, assesses as well as prioritizes the risks for preventing it and minimizing the effect of it. This assignment deals with the risks that include technical, managerial as well as financial risks. Security Risk- This kind of risk is also termed as electronic risk that involves risk in keeping the data secured within the office premises (Khan, 2010). These risk occur due to loss of data, data redundancy etc by the employees of the organization or higher officials. In order to mitigate the security risk, the organization needs to use strong security system such as upgraded antivirus, firewalls, data encryption etc. that will keep the data safe and sound within the organization (Mishra Misra, 2010). If it seen that the organization is receiving some data or sending some data that is modified or lost in between, then contingency plan is used. Funding Risk- For every organization, the funding risk is another risk that needs to be taken care off (Kamyabniya Bagherpour, 2014). The cash flow need to be adequate regarding the financial obligations. Some assets also need to be kept in stock for preventing the funding risk. Human Risk- The human risk is another risk that needs to be kept in mind for the organization (Lee Yong, 2009). The organization need to contain more and more expertise human force for accomplishment of the job. To mitigate the risk more human force need to be involved in a positive direction, for reducing the human risk (Rose, 2014). Process Risk- This risk involves the efficient process that helps the organization in carrying out the process effectively (Rech Bogner, 2010). If this is not maintained properly then a high risk s involved. For mitigating it, effective and efficient as well as upgraded process need to be applied. Market Risk- This risk involves the interest rates, exchange rates, commodity prices, and stock prices etc. that need to be considered (Ulkuniemi, Araujo Thtinen, 2015). This risk need to be mitigated by keeping updated to the market. Upgraded software and efficient market research helps in reducing market risk. Manufacturing Risk- The manufacturing risk includes the procedure of producing the products or services (Tony Lee, 2010). To reduce the risk of bad quality product, the organization needs to upgrade and notice the process of manufacturing. Product Acceptance Risk- With the changing market trend, the taste of the customers also change that gives rise to the product acceptance risk (Karamitsos, 2010). To mitigate this risk, continuous market trend need to be seen and analyzed for providing products according to their choices. Time Risk- This risk contains the time that the project need to complete within time. For reducing the risk, the organization need to make a allocate time for each of the task allocated (Amritesh Misra, 2014). Leadership Risk- For a good management within the organization, the leaders should have a good knowledge about the whole situation of the organization (Altunok Cakmak, 2010). To reduce the risk of having a bad leader, the employees need to participate actively for giving rates to the leaders. Technological Risk- For monitoring risk, the team needs to be keep hawks eye to every task within the organization. For handling the emergencies, the team members need to discuss about the risks previously for understanding the probable risks. But there are some risks that are urgent and can arrive at any time. For handling these risks, the team members need to work as a team for solving the problem. Initially there are some risks that need whole team involvement ad there are some tasks that the members can handle all alone. The top ten risks that are mentioned above need a fortnight up gradation for handling the risks. Risk Management options description measurement Frequency of collection of data Time required (minutes per week) Method of measurement Scale used Up gradation of software For securing the data, avoid data redundancy and making the most use of modern technology for making the work easy Development process Once in a fortnight 840 minutes per week Algorithmic interval Employee satisfaction Necessary for keeping the employees happy for greater productivity Development process Once in a month 60 minutes per week Algorithmic nominal Tracking the market trend Necessary for keeping pace with the changing development Product Once in a week 360 minutes per week Subjective ratio Keeping the funds aside for emergencies Required when there will be sufficient lack of funds Product development Once in a month 720 minutes per week subjective ordinal Good leadership Required for the progression of the team Development process Once in every 4 months 60 minutes per week algorithmic nominal Table 1: Risk Management (Source: As created by Author) References Altunok, T., Cakmak, T. (2010). A technology readiness levels (TRLs) calculator software for systems engineering and technology management tool. Advances In Engineering Software, 41(5), 769-778. doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2009.12.018 Amritesh, Misra, S. (2014). Conceptual modeling for knowledge management to support agile software development. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 29(04), 496-511. doi:10.1017/s0269888914000198 Chen, N., Hoi, S., Xiao, X. (2013). Software process evaluation: a machine learning framework with application to defect managementprocess. Empirical Software Engineering, 19(6), 1531-1564. doi:10.1007/s10664-013-9254-z Kamyabniya, A., Bagherpour, M. (2014). Risk-based earned value management: a novel perspective in software engineering. International Journal Of Industrial And Systems Engineering, 17(2), 170. doi:10.1504/ijise.2014.061992 Karamitsos, I. (2010). Benefits Management Process Complements Other Project Management Methodologies. JSEA, 03(09), 839-844. doi:10.4236/jsea.2010.39097 Khan, M. (2010). Intelligent Supply Chain Management. JSEA, 03(04), 404-408. doi:10.4236/jsea.2010.34045 Lee, S., Yong, H. (2009). Distributed agile: project management in a global environment. Empirical Software Engineering, 15(2), 204-217. doi:10.1007/s10664-009-9119-7 Mishra, A., Misra, S. (2010). People management in software industry. SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes, 35(6), 1. doi:10.1145/1874391.1874402 Rech, J., Bogner, C. (2010). Qualitative Analysis of Semantically Enabled Knowledge Management Systems in Agile Software Engineering. International Journal Of Knowledge Management, 6(2), 66-85. doi:10.4018/jkm.2010040104 Rose, J. (2014). Improving software management: the industry model, the knowledge model, the network model. Innovations Syst Softw Eng, 11(1), 9-23. doi:10.1007/s11334-014-0240-4 Tony Lee, T. (2010). Optimizing IT process management. SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes, 35(4), 1. doi:10.1145/1811226.1811232 Ulkuniemi, P., Araujo, L., Thtinen, J. (2015). Purchasing as market-shaping: The case of component-based software engineering. Industrial Marketing Management, 44, 54-62. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2014.10.007